Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis among rural women: a cross-sectional study Doi: https://doi.org/10.55522/jhpo.V3I2.0054

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder commonly affecting elderly and postmenopausal women, particularly in rural populations where factors such as low physical activity and socioeconomic challenges are prevalent. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify risk factors associated with knee OA among rural women. The study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital and included 50 female patients aged above 40 years diagnosed with knee OA, selected through purposive sampling. Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle factors were collected using a structured sheet. Anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio (WHR), were calculated, and information on menopausal status, comorbidities, and tobacco use was recorded. The results showed that 82% of participants were postmenopausal, 48% had a BMI above 25 kg/m², and many had higher WHR values. Additionally, 46% had hypertension, 52% had diabetes, and 48% reported tobacco chewing. These factors were associated with an increased risk and prevalence of knee OA. In conclusion, postmenopausal status, elevated BMI, higher WHR, and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension are key risk factors for knee osteoarthritis among rural women.